Natural moissanite is an extremely rare gemstone discovered in 1893 by the French Nobel Prize-winning chemist Henri Moissan. The scientist discovered several pieces of a then-unknown gemstone in a meteor’s crater. At first, he thought they were just diamonds. 11 years later, however, he realized his mistake when he found out that these gemstones were made out of silicon carbide and not of carbon like diamonds. Later, he got his Nobel Prize for successfully isolating fluorine from its compound – research that was completely independent of his gemstone discovery.
Moissanite may be visually similar to diamonds but it has a much higher Refractive Index at 2.65 (diamonds’ is 2.42). This is what causes moissanite’s exceptional sparkle and fire. Fire, in the jewelry world, is the term for “colorful sparkle” while “sparkle” usually refers to its brilliance. And while moissanite’s sparkle is similar to that of a diamond, its fire is much more intense.
Also, moissanite does not scratch or break easily. Granted, moissanite is a bit softer than diamonds – while the latter is the hardest mineral on Earth with a 10/10 grade on the Mohs hardness scale, moissanite sits at a comfortable 9.25 out of 10. This makes it the second toughest gemstone used in jewelry, ranking ahead of even sapphire and ruby, which sit at 9 on the Mohs scale.